| Hu Xinyu,Song Ying,Tan Zhan,et al.Evolution and current development of single-photon emission computed tomography technology[J].Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection,2026,46(3):322-328 |
| Evolution and current development of single-photon emission computed tomography technology |
| Received:March 17, 2025 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20250317-00090 |
| KeyWords:Single-photon emission computed tomography Collimator Semiconductor detector Image reconstruction |
| FundProject: |
| Author Name | Affiliation | E-mail | | Hu Xinyu | China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China | | | Song Ying | China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China | | | Tan Zhan | Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, China | | | Chen Jiahe | China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China | | | Liu Hui | China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, China | liuhui@nirp.chinacdc.cn |
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| Abstract:: |
| Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a crucial nuclear medicine molecular imaging technique that has achieved significant progress in recent years in system architecture, detector performance, image reconstruction algorithms, and multimodal integration. In terms of hardware, collimator structures have been continuously optimized. The evolution from traditional parallel-hole collimators to pinhole, converging, cardiac-specific, and emerging self-collimation technologies has effectively enhanced imaging sensitivity and spatial resolution. Concurrently, detector materials have transitioned from NaI(Tl) scintillators to cadmium zinc telluride semiconductors, improving energy resolution and count efficiency. In terms of software, image reconstruction algorithms have progressed from the computationally efficient but image-quality-limited filtered back projection method to iterative algorithms based on the expectation maximization principle, notably the ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm that has significantly improved image quality. Although the ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm offers enhanced reconstruction efficiency compared to traditional iterative algorithms, it still requires multiple iterative computations, resulting in substantial computational burden and relatively long reconstruction times. In recent years, the introduction of deep learning method has further improved image quality and, in certain reconstruction frameworks, optimized computational efficiency, thereby driving the overall advancement of image reconstruction performance. Furthermore, SPECT image quantification techniques have matured. Relying on attenuation correction, scatter correction, and collimator response modeling, these techniques enable accurate voxel-level quantification of radioactivity and are widely applied in fields such as myocardial perfusion imaging and tumor metabolic analysis. With the emergence of multimodal fusion systems such as SPECT/CT and SPECT/magnetic resonance imaging, SPECT is progressively advancing towards high-resolution, quantitative, and personalized precision diagnosis and treatment, demonstrating broad clinical application prospects and substantial research value. |
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