| ZHOU Xiangyan,WANG Bing,GAO Weimin,et al.A review of experimental studies on biological effects of tritium exposure[J].Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection,2000,20(1):4-10 |
| A review of experimental studies on biological effects of tritium exposure |
| Received:June 10, 1999 |
| DOI： |
| KeyWords:Tritium Low dose Ca 2+ conductance p53 expression Apoptosis Teratogenetic threshold |
| FundProject:国家自然科学基金资助项目(39170274);卫生部科学研究基金资助项目(8820409494-1-096;96-2-050) |
| Author Name | Affiliation | | ZHOU Xiangyan | Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China | | WANG Bing | 日本科技厅放射线医学综合研究所 | | GAO Weimin | Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China | | 吕慧敏 | Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China | | 董金婵 | Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100088, China |
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| Abstract:: |
| Objective This review briefly describes the basic experimental results of a systemic study on radiobiological effects of tritium,which was carried out by the Group of Tritium Study at Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene for over 10 years.Methods The study focused on the possible health effects from low dose level tritium exposure and investigations covered many aspects including distribution,metabolism,dosimetry,genetic damage(primary oocyte survival and spermatogonia survival rates,dominant lethal mutations of oocytes or spermatocytes, and dominant skeleton mutations of spermatocytes,chromosomal aberrations analyzed by C banding of spermatocytes at metaphase Ⅰ),teratogenic effect (postnatal development,neurobehavoiral changes,cellular changes of brain and neuropeptide) after exposure to tritiated water (HTO) in vivo, and effects of tritium exposure from HTO or organically bound tritiated compounds (OBT) on cellular proliferation and differentiation,Ca 2+ conductance,cell cycle,p53 expression,and apoptosis induction in neurons in vitro. Results Many biological endpoints were used to estimate the genetic risk (when using dominant skeleton mutations of spermatocytes as the biological endpoint,the mutation rates (×10 4 /10 6 Gy) of 0.19,0 38,0. 66 and 1.01 Gy groups were 2.7298,0.8062,0.6843 and 1.3042,respectively),relative biological effectiveness (a variety of RBE values for tritium were obtained ranging from 2.24 to 2.99 and from 4.6 to 8.7 by using in vivo genetic and reproductive effects,and in vitro cellular proliferation and differentiation parameters as the biological endpoints,respectively),and teratogenetic threshold (in about 80% of the observed 56 parameters in rats and mice indicating that the threshold dose for prenatal HTO exposure ranged from 0.03 Gy to 0.092 Gy,and from 0.093 to 0.30 Gy for the other 20% parameters). Conclusion The damage induced by low dose tritium cannot be ignored. |
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