| 范胜男,王拓,李梦雪,邓君,刘晓惠,孙全富.2017年我国放射工作人员职业性外照射个人剂量水平与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2021,41(2):85-91 |
| 2017年我国放射工作人员职业性外照射个人剂量水平与分析 |
| Analysis of individual doses to radiation workers from occupational external exposure in China in 2017 |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-14 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2021.02.002 |
| 中文关键词: 医学应用 工业应用 放射工作人员 个人剂量 职业照射 |
| 英文关键词:Medical application Industrial application Radiation workers Individual dose Occupational exposure |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解并分析2017年我国放射工作人员职业性外照射个人剂量水平与分析，为职业性放射性疾病的预防与控制提供基础数据和科学依据。方法 通过国家个人剂量登记系统，采集我国从事医学应用和工业应用放射工作人员职业性外照射个人剂量监测结果等相关数据，运用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和Bonferroni法进行分析。结果 收集2017年从事医学应用和工业应用工作人员共361 727人，医学应用人数占81.6%，工业应用人数占18.4%。人均年有效剂量分别为0.353和0.270 mSv，从事医学应用的放射工作人员所受到的人均年有效剂量显著高于工业应用（Z=48.547，P<0.05）。医学应用中，不同职业类别间放射工作人员人均年有效剂量差异有统计学意义（H=1 136.217，P<0.05），从事核医学和介入放射学的放射工作人员所受到的人均年有效剂量显著高于其他职业类别（Z=2.877~26.967，P<0.05）。三级医院、二级医院和一级及未定级医院放射工作人员人均年有效剂量分别为0.361、0.397和0.308 mSv。工业应用中，从事工业探伤和测井的放射工作人员的人均年有效剂量显著高于其他5类工业应用职业类别（Z=4.172~36.908，P<0.05）。结论 我国放射工作人员人均年有效剂量满足国家法规标准要求。从事核医学、介入放射学、工业探伤和测井的工作人员受照剂量相对偏高，应进一步加强相关辐射防护措施、设施等，以减少职业暴露。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To ascertain the levels of individual doses to radiation workers arising from occupationally external exposure in China in 2017, with an aim to provide basic data and scientific basis for prevention and control of occupational radiation sickness. Methods Data on individual doses to monitored workers engaged in medical and industrial applications of radiation sources were collected through National Individual Dose Registry, with statistical analysis being carried out using Kruskal-Wallis H test, Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni method. Results A total of 361 727 radiation workers were investigated in 2017, of which 81.6% was from medical application and 18.4% from industrial application, respectively. The average annual effective dose from medical and industrial applications were 0.353 and 0.270 mSv, respectively, with the former significantly higher than the latter (Z=48.547,P<0.05 ). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was seen in the average annual effective dose for each occupational category of medical application (H=1 136.217, P<0.05), suggesting that the dose values for the monitored workers in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology were significantly higher than for other four medical categories (Z=2.877-26.967,P<0.05). These dose values for the radiation workers was 0.361 mSv in tertiary hospitals, 0.397 mSv in secondary hospitals, and 0.308 mSv in primary and unrated hospitals, respectively. The dose values for the monitored workers in industrial radiography and well logging were significantly higher than for other five industrial categories of industrial applications (Z=4.172-36.908,P<0.05 ). Conclusions The average annual effective doses to the of monitored workers meet the relevant national standards. The exposure doses to the workers in nuclear medicine, interventional radiology, industrial radiography and well logging are relatively high. The necessary measures and devices for radiation protection should be further strengthened to reduce occupational exposure of workers. |
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