| 朱艳梅,梁珊珊,王若雨,等.患者来源类器官在肿瘤放疗中的应用及进展[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2026,46(7):721-730.Zhu Yanmei,Liang Shanshan,Wang Ruoyu,et al.Application and progress of patient-derived organoids in tumor radiotherapy[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2026,46(7):721-730 |
| 患者来源类器官在肿瘤放疗中的应用及进展 |
| Application and progress of patient-derived organoids in tumor radiotherapy |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-14 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20260114-00009 |
| 中文关键词: 患者来源类器官 放射治疗 综合治疗 个体化治疗 |
| 英文关键词:Patient-derived organoids Radiotherapy Comprehensive treatment Individualized treatment |
| 基金项目:辽宁省科技计划联合计划(技术攻关计划项目)(2024JH2/102600067) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 放射治疗是恶性肿瘤综合治疗的基石。然而,临床常存在肿瘤固有放疗抵抗、个体化放疗敏感异质性以及周围正常组织损伤等问题。传统的临床前模型(如二维细胞系及动物移植瘤模型)在模拟人类肿瘤异质性及微环境保真度方面存在局限,从而限制了临床前研究向临床转化的效率。患者来源类器官(PDOs)作为一种能够高度还原亲代基因组特征、组织学形态及微环境梯度的三维体外模型,正逐渐成为研究的新型范式。本文系统综述了PDOs技术在患者放疗敏感性模型、放疗抵抗机制模型、放疗不良反应模型及放疗联合治疗模型等方面的应用,分析了当前PDOs研究领域存在的局限与挑战,对其在肿瘤学及精准医疗领域的应用前景进行了展望,旨在为PDOs在相关领域的研究和应用提供坚实的理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Radiotherapy serves as a cornerstone in the comprehensive management of malignant tumors. However, clinical efficacy is often compromised by inherent radioresistance, inter-individual heterogeneity in radiosensitivity, and collateral damage to adjacent healthy tissues. Conventional preclinical models, such as two-dimensional cell lines and animal-derived xenograft tumors, exhibit significant limitations in recapitulating the tumor heterogeneity and microenvironmental fidelity of human tumors, thereby impeding the efficient translation of preclinical findings into clinical practice. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs), as a novel three-dimensional in vitro paradigm, have emerged as a robust platform due to their ability to highly preserve parental genomic landscapes, histological architectures, and microenvironmental gradients. This review systematically summarizes the multifaceted applications of PDOs technology across four domains: modeling patient radiosensitivity, elucidating mechanisms of radioresistance, assessing radiotherapy-induced adverse effects, and evaluating combination therapies. Furthermore, the review analyzes the current limitations and challenges inherent in PDOs-based research and offers perspectives on their application prospects in oncology and precision medicine, aiming to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the investigation and application of PDOs in related fields. |
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