| 高晓童,王天姿,朱巧巧,等.氚致斑马鱼雌性生殖毒性的研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2026,46(5):513-521.Gao Xiaotong,Wang Tianzi,Zhu Qiaoqiao,et al.Tritium-induced female reproductive toxicity in zebrafish[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2026,46(5):513-521 |
| 氚致斑马鱼雌性生殖毒性的研究 |
| Tritium-induced female reproductive toxicity in zebrafish |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-10 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20250310-00082 |
| 中文关键词: 氚 斑马鱼 雌性 生殖毒性 |
| 英文关键词:Tritium Zebrafish Female Reproductive toxicity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(22076133,22341601) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探究氚水亚慢性暴露对相对不敏感阶段成年阶段雌性斑马鱼的生殖影响。方法 按照随机数表法,将3月龄成年雌性斑马鱼置于对照组以及不同活度浓度的氚水(HTO)中(3.7×102、3.7×103、1.85×104、3.7×104 Bq/ml)暴露30 d,每组5条。通过研究成年雌鱼产卵量、性腺指数、卵巢病理切片、性激素水平以及相关生殖基因表达水平等实验,观察HTO在生殖功能、器官发育、组织细胞发育和生物大分子层面的生殖损伤效应。结果 卵巢内的氚浓度与氚暴露活度浓度呈显著依赖性,3.7×102 Bq/ml活度浓度暴露时生物富集系数(BCF)值为0.28,其余3个暴露组BCF值均为0.55;HTO暴露后,各暴露组成年雌鱼产卵量均有显著下降(F=59.42,P＜0.05),生殖能力受到显著影响,3.7×104 Bq/ml组产卵量均值为163枚,较对照组下降约60%(q=19.57,P＜0.05);性腺指数除3.7×102 Bq/ml组外,其他各组均有显著下降(F=22.40,P＜0.05),同时,性腺指数在非相邻活度浓度HTO暴露组具有显著差异(q=5.85、9.63、7.09,P＜0.05);HTO暴露后卵巢出现卵泡变性现象,3.7×104 Bq/ml组出现卵泡液化;卵巢病理切片发现,随着HTO暴露活度浓度的升高,出现初级卵母细胞积聚、成熟卵母细胞减少和生殖细胞变性种类增加情况;不同阶段卵母细胞特异性基因的表达水平证实HTO亚慢性暴露会阻滞卵母细胞发育;性激素雌二醇(E2)、卵黄蛋白原(VTG)和睾酮(T)含量均呈现下降趋势,但E2、VTG仅3.7×104 Bq/ml组与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(q=6.27、6.19,P＜0.05);T在1.85×104 Bq/ml、3.7×104 Bq/ml组差异有统计学意义(q=6.38、8.34,P＜0.05);雌激素生成关键酮Cyp19a1、卵泡刺激素受体Fshr、黄体生成素受体Lhr基因在1.85×104 Bq/ml活度浓度组均出现显著下调(q=8.64、8.14、7.26,P＜0.05)。结论 氚亚慢性暴露可通过干扰内分泌平衡和卵巢结构损伤,导致成年雌性斑马鱼生殖功能衰退,为评估HTO污染对水生生物的生态风险提供了重要数据支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the reproductive effects of subchronic exposure to tritium water in adult female zebrafish at a relatively insensitive stage. Methods According to the random number table method, 3-month-old adult female zebrafish were divided into a control group and groups exposed to tritiated water (HTO) at different activity concentrations (3.7×102, 3.7×103, 1.85×104, 3.7×104 Bq/ml) for 30 d, with 5 fish in each group,and the reproductive damage effects of HTO at the levels of reproductive function, organ development, histiocyte development and biological macromolecules were investigated by studying the spawning volume, gonadal index, histopathological examination of ovarian tissue sections, sex hormone level quantification and related reproductive gene expression levels. Results The tritium concentration in the ovaries showed a significant dependence on the tritium exposure activity concentration. At an exposure activity concentration of 3.7×102 Bq/ml, the bioaccumulation factor(BCF) value was 0.28, while the BCF values of the remaining three exposure groups were stably maintained at 0.55. After HTO exposure, the fecundity of adult female zebrafish in all exposure groups decreased significantly (F=59.42, P<0.05), indicating that reproductive capacity was significantly impaired. The mean fecundity in the 3.7×104 Bq/ml activity concentration group was 163 eggs, representing an approximately 60% decrease compared with the control group (q=19.57, P< 0.05). The gonadosomatic index (GSI) decreased significantly in all groups except the 3.7×102 Bq/ml activity concentration group (F=22.40, P＜0.05). Meanwhile, significant differences in GSI were observed among HTO exposure groups with non-adjacent activity concentrations (q=5.85, 9.63, 7.09, P<0.05). After HTO exposure, follicular degeneration was observed in the ovaries, and follicular liquefaction was detected in the 3.7×104 Bq/ml group. Ovarian histopathological analysis revealed that as the HTO exposure activity concentration increased, there was an accumulation of primary oocytes, a decrease in mature oocytes, and an increase in the types of degenerating germ cells. The expression levels of oocyte stage-specific genes confirmed that subchronic HTO exposure impedes oocyte development. The levels of sex hormones, including estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (VTG), and testosterone (T), showed a decreasing trend. However, significant differences compared to the control group were only observed for E2 and VTG in the 3.7×104 Bq/ml activity concentration group (q=6.27, 6.19, P<0.05). For T, significant differences were noted in the 1.85×104 Bq/ml and 3.7×104 Bq/ml activity concentration groups (q=6.38, 8.34, P<0.05). The expression of key genes involved in estrogen synthesis Cyp19a1, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (Fshr), and luteinizing hormone receptor (Lhr) was significantly downregulated in the 1.85×104 Bq/ml activity concentration group (q=8.64, 8.14, 7.26, P<0.05).Conclusions The subchronic tritium water exposure could lead to the decline of reproductive function in adult female zebrafish by disturbing endocrine balance and ovarian structural damage, which provided important data support for evaluating the ecological risk of HTO pollution to aquatic organisms. |
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