| 李梦雪,蒋同心,赵宇,等.鸡西市医疗照射水平调查与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2026,46(4):389-395.Li Mengxue,Jiang Tongxin,Zhao Yu,et al.Survey and analysis of the medical exposure level in Jixi city[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2026,46(4):389-395 |
| 鸡西市医疗照射水平调查与分析 |
| Survey and analysis of the medical exposure level in Jixi city |
| 投稿时间：2025-08-01 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20250801-00276 |
| 中文关键词: 医疗照射|放射诊疗|频度|分布|集体有效剂量 |
| 英文关键词:Medical exposure|Radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy|Frequency|Distribution|Collective effective dose |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解鸡西市医疗照射应用频度水平及各类放射诊疗频次分布情况,评估鸡西市医疗照射所致公众剂量负担。方法 采用普查的方法,设计统一的调查表,通过医院相关信息系统以及手工登记本等方式,收集、汇总鸡西市2022年各类放射诊疗检查应用频次信息,结合鸡西市2022年末人口数,计算鸡西市医疗照射应用频度,并对不同性别、年龄组、检查部位的频次分布情况进行分析。基于联合国原子辐射效应科学委员会(UNSCEAR)报告中的单次检查/程序加权平均有效剂量,评估医疗照射所致集体有效剂量(不包含放射治疗和核医学治疗所致辐射剂量)。结果 2022年鸡西市放射诊疗总频次为821 250人次,频度为504人次/千人口,主要诊疗类型为医用X射线诊断(497人次/千人口,其中,CT检查频度为289人次/千人口),占比高达98.59%;介入放射学、核医学诊疗频度分别为5.57、1.28人次/千人口,放射治疗为0.26例/千人口。医疗照射所致年集体有效剂量为3 290.32人·Sv,致年人均有效剂量为2.02 mSv,CT检查所致剂量占91.65%。各类诊疗人次数占比最大的为"≥40岁"年龄组,常规X射线诊断和CT检查主要检查部位均为胸部(分别占49.2%和45.9%),介入放射学类型主要为心血管介入(73.2%),胸部肿瘤(47.5%)为放射治疗的主要肿瘤类型。结论 初步掌握了鸡西市医疗照射水平及各类放射诊疗检查频次分布情况,医疗照射所致年人均有效剂量显著高于医疗保健水平I类地区。CT检查应用频度增长迅速,对集体有效剂量贡献极高,应加强正当性评估并重视其引起的剂量负担。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the frequency level of medical exposure and the distribution of various types of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy examinations/procedures in Jixi city, and to estimate the population dose burden induced by medical exposure. Methods A census was conducted using designed uniform questionnaires. Data on the medical radiological examinations/procedures (MREPs) of various types of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy in Jixi city in 2022 were collected from related information systems and manual register books in hospitals. Then, in combination with the total population in the city at the end of 2022, the frequencies of medical exposure were obtained. Further analyses were conducted on the distribution of MREPs across different gender, age groups and examination sites. The collective effective dose induced by medical exposure (excluding radiation doses from radiotherapy and nuclear medicine therapy) was assessed based on frequency-weighted mean effective dose per examination/procedure introduced in UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report. Results In 2022, a total of 821 250 person-times of MREPs were conducted in Jixi city, with a frequency of 504 person-times per 1 000 population. Among these examinations/procedures, medical X-ray diagnosis was identified as the predominated radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy type, accounting for 98.59%. The medical X-ray diagnosis showed a frequency of 497 person-times per 1 000 population. Notably, computed tomography (CT) scans exhibited a frequency of 289 person-times per 1 000 population. The frequencies of interventional radiology, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine were 5.57, 0.26 and 1.28 person-times per 1 000 population, respectively. The annual collective effective dose caused by medical exposure was 3 290.32 man·Sv, with an annual per caput effective dose of 2.02 mSv. CT scans contributed 91.65% of the annual collective effective dose. In terms of age group, ages ≥ 40 represented the highest proportion in various types of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy examinations/procedures. Regarding the examination site, the chest emerged as the primary site in both conventional X-ray diagnosis and CT scans, accounting for 49.2% and 45.9%, respectively. Interventional radiology was dominated by cardiovascular intervention (73.2%), while thoracic tumors were identified as the leading category for radiotherapy (47.5%). Conclusions Preliminary insights into the medical exposure level and the distribution of various types of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy examinations/procedures in Jixi city are obtained in this study. The result indicates that the annual per caput effective dose induced by medical exposure in the city is significantly higher than that of regions with health care level I. CT scans, with rapid growth in frequency, contribute considerably to the collective effective dose. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce justification assessment of CT scans and attach importance to their population dose burden. |
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