| 丁博威,武云云,宋延超,等.中高层住宅建材表面氡析出率对室内氡浓度贡献的研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2026,46(1):57-64.Ding Bowei,Wu Yunyun,Song Yanchao,et al.Research on radon exhalation rates from building materials of medium- and high-rise residential dwellings and their contribution to indoor radon concentrations[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2026,46(1):57-64 |
| 中高层住宅建材表面氡析出率对室内氡浓度贡献的研究 |
| Research on radon exhalation rates from building materials of medium- and high-rise residential dwellings and their contribution to indoor radon concentrations |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-01 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20250401-00115 |
| 中文关键词: 中高层住宅 建筑材料 氡析出率 室内氡浓度 换气率 |
| 英文关键词:Medium- and high-rise dwellings Building materials Radon exhalation rate Indoor radon concentration Air exchange rate |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(12105274) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析中高层住宅建材表面氡析出率的季节变化规律及其受室内外气象因素的影响,并利用模型估算建材表面氡析出率对室内氡的贡献。方法 选择北京和哈尔滨的7户住宅,采用活性炭盒法对室内建材表面氡析出率进行测量,RAD7测氡仪对室内氡浓度进行测量,示踪气体稀释法对室内换气率进行测量,利用建材表面氡析出率与室内氡浓度关系的模型估算建材氡析出对室内氡的贡献。结果 北京3户住宅内墙、外墙内侧、天花板、地面表面氡析出率平均为10.18、10.57、9.73、21.66 Bq·m-2·h-1。哈尔滨4户住宅内墙、外墙内侧、天花板表面氡析出率平均为11.49、11.61、15.73 Bq·m-2·h-1。7户中高层住宅室内内墙、外墙内侧、天花板和地面的表面氡析出率差异有统计学意义(F=25.22,P<0.001),地面的氡析出率显著大于内墙、外墙内侧、天花板(P<0.001),内墙、外墙内侧、天花板、地面4个季节的氡析出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。外墙内侧氡析出率与室内外温差、压差和湿度差均无相关性(P>0.05)。室内换气率平均为0.20 h-1,5户住房建材氡析出对室内氡的贡献平均为(72±15)%。结论 建筑材料的氡析出是中高层建筑室内氡的主要来源,室内建材累积氡析出率受季节和气象因素影响较小。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To preliminarily explore the seasonal variation of radon exhalation rates from indoor building material surfaces within medium- and high-rise residential dwellings and their correlation with indoor and outdoor meteorological factors. Additionally, the contribution of radon exhalation from building materials to indoor radon levels is estimated using a model. Methods Totally 7 residential dwellings in Beijing and Harbin were selected. The radon exhalation rates from the building materials in dwellings were measured using the activated carbon method. Indoor radon concentrations were measured by using the RAD7 radon detector, and indoor air exchange rates were measured using the tracer gas dilution method. A model of the relationship between the radon exhalation rate from building material and indoor radon concentration was used to estimate the contribution of radon emitted from building materials to indoor radon levels. Results The average surface radon exhalation rates from interior walls, internal face of external wall, ceilings, and floors were 10.18, 10.57, 9.73, and 21.66 Bq·m-2·h-1 in 3 dwellings in Beijing, and 11.49, 11.61, and 15.73 Bq·m-2·h-1, in 4 dwellings from interior walls, internal face of external wall and cilings in Harbin. There were significant differences between the radon exhalation rates of the interior walls, internal face of external wall, ceilings, and floors across 7 buildings (F = 25.22, P<0.001), and the radon exhalation rate from floors was significantly higher than those from interior walls, internal face of external wall, and ceilings (P<0.001). There were no significant seasonal differences betweem the radon exhalation rates from internal face of external wall, interior walls, ceilings, and floors (P＞0.05). And the radon exhalation rate from internal face of external wall showed no correlation with indoor-outdoor temperature difference, pressure difference, or humidity difference (P>0.05). The average indoor air exchange rate was 0.20 h-1, and the average contribution of radon exhalation from building materials to indoor radon levels was 72%±15%. Conclusions Radon exhalation from building materials is the primary source of indoor radon in medium- and high-rise dwellings. The accumulated radon exhalation rates from indoor building materials are less affected by seasonal variations and outdoor meteorological factors. |
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