| 王宏凯,田源,戴建荣.国内外典型国家医用直线加速器防护标准对比分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2025,45(2):137-141.Wang Hongkai,Tian Yuan,Dai Jianrong.Comparative analysis of radiation protection standards for medical linear accelerators in China and other typical countries[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2025,45(2):137-141 |
| 国内外典型国家医用直线加速器防护标准对比分析 |
| Comparative analysis of radiation protection standards for medical linear accelerators in China and other typical countries |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-26 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20240626-00242 |
| 中文关键词: 放射防护 标准 直线加速器 瞬时剂量率 |
| 英文关键词:Radiation protection Standard Linear accelerator Instantaneous dose rate |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过调研国际放射治疗防护标准体系, 重点探讨了中国、英国和美国在医用直线加速器防护标准的异同。对比发现, 各国在放射治疗机房防护的具体标准上存在一定差异, 但总体上都依据国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)和国际原子能机构(IAEA)的基本原则制定。在放射治疗机房的分区概念上, 中国、英国、美国对控制区的定义相似, 但在控制区以外区域的划分上有所不同。对于测量条件, 各国的要求基本相同, 均需在放射治疗设备最大输出剂量下进行测量, 仅在一些具体细节上略有差异。在防护限值及放射治疗机房防护是否合格的评判标准上, 中国采用最高周围剂量当量率作为控制水平, 而英国和美国则以一定时间范围(年、周、日)内的剂量限值为基础, 通过计算工作负荷对机房防护是否合格进行判定。在防护限值推导计算方法上, 英国的标准要求通过瞬时剂量率计算人员年受照剂量;美国则给出了通过瞬时剂量率推导出周和任意一小时的剂量率进行控制的具体方法。通过对比分析发现, 同等条件下, 中国现行的最高周围剂量当量率控制水平可能导致机房建设成本增加, 将不利于新型放射治疗技术的应用与发展。建议我国在保障辐射安全的前提下, 考虑引入平均周围剂量当量率或计算人员年受照剂量的方法, 优化防护标准, 促进放射治疗技术的进步。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study investigated international standard systems for radiotherapy, focusing on the comparison of the radiation protection standards for medical linear accelerators adopted in China, the UK, and the USA. Despite some specific differences, the standards for radiotherapy rooms in the three countries generally adhere to the basic principles set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Regarding the zoning principle of radiotherapy rooms, the definitions of the controlled areas are similar in China, the UK, and the USA, while the classification of areas beyond the controlled areas differs across the three countries. In terms of measurement conditions, all the three countries require measurements under the maximum output dose of the radiotherapy equipment, with only minor differences in details. For dose limits and compliance criteria for radiation shielding of radiotherapy rooms, China adopts the highest instantaneous dose rate as the control threshold. In contrast, the UK and the USA base their standards on dose limits evaluated over certain time intervals (annual, weekly, and daily), assessing compliance through workload calculation. In terms of method for deducing and calculating effective dose limits, UK standards stipulate that annual personnel exposure should be calculated using instantaneous dose rates. In comparison, the USA provides specific method for calculating dose rates per week and any one hour from instantaneous dose rates. The comparative analysis indicates that China's method, which is based on the maximum instantaneous dose rates, may lead to increased construction costs of radiotherapy rooms under the same conditions, hindering the application and development of novel radiotherapy technologies. To address these concerns while maintaining radiation safety, it is recommended that China consider introducing method based on average instantaneous dose rates or calculating the annual personnel exposure doses. This will help optimize protection standards and advance radiotherapy technology. |
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