| 朱卫国,侯长松,佟鹏,等.我国非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2021,41(4):282-287.Zhu Weiguo,Hou Changsong,Tong Peng,et al.Analysis of the current status of radiation protection in non-medical sectors in China[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2021,41(4):282-287 |
| 我国非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状分析 |
| Analysis of the current status of radiation protection in non-medical sectors in China |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-26 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2021.04.008 |
| 中文关键词: 辐射防护管理 职业健康监护 非医疗放射工作单位 |
| 英文关键词:Radiation protection management Occupational health monitoring Non-medical radiology units |
| 基金项目:浙江省基础公益研究计划项目（LGC21H260001）；浙江省卫生健康科技计划（2021KY613）；浙江省疾病预防控制中心疾控英才孵育项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 分析我国重点行业的非医疗放射工作单位辐射防护现状和放射性职业病危害防治工作中的薄弱环节，为非医疗放射工作单位职业健康管理提供技术依据，更好地保护放射工作人员的职业健康权益。方法 本研究的数据来自于全国放射卫生信息平台2019年度非医用辐射防护监测信息系统的监测数据。由辐射安全所制定监测方案，全国各省级任务承担机构根据监测方案对全国非医疗放射工作单位重点行业的辐射防护和职业健康管理情况进行调查和监测，获得调查和监测结果并上报至非医用辐射防护监测信息系统。调查分为一般调查和详细监测两类，调查内容包括职业健康监护、个人剂量监测、辐射防护监测仪表的配置情况以及工作场所的辐射防护检测，根据调查结果分析非医疗放射工作单位在辐射防护和职业健康监护方面的欠缺。结果 一般调查覆盖了全国31个省（直辖市、自治区），共报告非医疗放射工作单位9 075家，对其中329个地级行政区内的4 911家非医疗放射工作单位进行了详细调查和辐射防护检测，使用射线装置的机构的X/γ周围剂量当量率检测结果超过2.5 μSv/h的占2.35%，最大值为817 μSv/h，使用放射源的机构的X/γ周围剂量当量率检测结果超过2.5 μSv/h的占9.57%，最大值为1 700 μSv/h，个人剂量监测率和职业健康体检率分别为72.9%和82.1%。结论 我国非医疗放射工作单位的辐射防护现状和国家法规标准的要求尚有差距，应进一步加强非医疗放射工作单位的辐射防护管理和监督。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To analyzes the current status of radiation protection in non-medical sectors, together with the vulnerable spots in the prevention and control of occupational radiation sickness in China in order to provides both technical basis for occupational health management in non-medical radiation sectors and the better protection of occupational health benefits for radiation workers. Methods The monitoring plan for this survey was worked out on the part of the National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC. Survey and monitoring of the current status of radiation protection and occupational health management were, under the monitoring the plan, completed by the relevant agencies of all provincial-level regions for the key industries of non-medical sectors countrywide, involving occupational health monitoring, personal dose monitoring, radiation protection monitoring instruments equipped, and radiation protection monitoring in workplace. Based on the survey result, the deficiencies in radiation protection and occupational health monitoring in non-medical sectors were analyzed. Results The survey of non-medical sectors was divided into general investigation and detailed monitoring, with the general investigations covering 9 075 non-medical institutions in 31 provincial-level regions across the country. Of them, a total of 4 911 institutions within 329 district-level regions received detailed investigation and radiation protection monitoring. As survey result, the X, γ ambient dose equivalent rates for the institutions using ray-generator are greater than 2.5 μSv/h, about 2.35% of the total, with a maximum of 817 μSv/h. The values for those using radioactive sources were greater than 2.5 μSv/h, about 9.57%, with a maximum of 1 700 μSv/h. The frequencies of personal dose monitoring and occupational health examination were 72.9% and 82.1%, respectively. Conclusions There is still a gap in radiation protection between the current status and the national regulations and standards in non-medical sectors, so both regulation and management of radiation protection should be further strengthened. |
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