| 邹剑明,崔凡,刘彦兵,周珊宇,贾育新,黄伟旭.广东省饮用水源水总α和总β放射性水平调查与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2019,39(11):841-846 |
| 广东省饮用水源水总α和总β放射性水平调查与分析 |
| Monitoring and analysis of gross α and gross β levels in drinking water sources in Guangdong province |
| 投稿时间：2019-09-19 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2019.11.008 |
| 中文关键词: 放射性水平 水源水 总α放射性 总β放射性 |
| 英文关键词:Radioactive level Raw water Gross α radioactivity Gross β radioactivity |
| 基金项目:广东省饮用水水源放射监测及其风险预测（粤财农〔2016〕91号） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 调查广东省饮用水源水中的总α、总β放射性本底水平，建立水源水放射性水平基线值，为评估核技术应用或人类活动可能所致的饮用水潜在放射风险评估提供基础数据。方法 在全省191个在用水源，分别采集丰水期、枯水期各1次，依照GB/T 5750.13-2006《生活饮用水标准监测方法-放射性指标》要求进行采样、检测分析。按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水标准》评价总α、总β放射性水平。结果 丰水期、枯水期共采样382个。用于总α、总β分析的样品为377个，其中丰水期189个，枯水期188个，丰水期与枯水期一一配对样品186个。所有水源水，枯水期总α放射性水平为（0.034±0.060）Bq/L （0.008~0.582 2 Bq/L）、总β放射性水平为（0.108±0.091）Bq/L （0.014~0.637 Bq/L），丰水期总α放射性水平为（0.045±0.064）Bq/L （0.008~0.402 Bq/L）、总β放射性水平为（0.125±0.128）Bq/L （0.014~0.848 Bq/L）。除汕尾地区响水水库枯水期有1个样品的总α放射性水平（0.582 Bq/L）超过国家饮用水放射性标准指导值外，其他样品总α、总β放射性水平皆远低于国家饮用水放射性标准指导值，丰水期总α放射性水平高于枯水期（t=2.619，P<0.05）。不同水系丰水期、枯水期总α（F丰水期=1.819，F枯水期=1.985，P<0.05）、总β（F丰水期=2.709， F枯水期=8.461，P<0.05）放射性水平差异均有统计学意义，以粤西诸河为最高。地下水在丰水期的总α、总β放射性水平均高于河流水和湖库水，河流水总α、总β放射性水平高于湖库水，差异均有统计学意义（F总α=39.323， F总β=25.911，P<0.05）；枯水期的总α、总β放射性水平高于河流水和湖库水，差异均有统计学意义（F总α=11.520，F总β=28.435，P<0.05）；总体上呈现为地下水最高，其次是河流水，最低是湖库水。结论 掌握了广东省全省饮用水源水放射性本底水平分布，低于我国规定的饮用水指导值。粤西诸河水源水放射性水平明显高于其他水系，河流水放射性水平也明显高于湖库水。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the distribution of gross α and gross β radioactive levels in drinking raw water from different regions of Guangdong province, and to establish the radioactive level base line value in raw water. Methods The samples from 191 drinking water sources in use in Guangdong province were collected in rainy season and dry season, respectively, and determined and analyzed under the standard examination method for drinking water-radiological parameters (GB/T 5750.13-2006). The levels of gross α and gross β radioactivity were evaluated under the standard for drinking water quality (GB 5749-2006). Results A total of 377 raw water samples were taken, including 189 samples in rainy season and 188 samples in dry season, in which 186 samples were matched between rainy season and dry season. In dry season, the gross α levels ranged from 0.008 Bq/L to 0.582 Bq/L, averaged at (0.034±0.060) Bq/L, while the gross β levels ranged from 0.014 Bq/L to 0.637 Bq/L, averaged at (0.108±0.091) Bq/L. In rainy season, the gross α levels ranged from 0.008 Bq/L to 0.402 Bq/L, averaged at (0.045±0.064) Bq/L, while the gross β levels ranged from 0.014 Bq/Lto 0.848 Bq/L, averaged at (0.125±0.128) Bq/L. The gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of other samples were much lower than the guidance values in the national radioactivity standards on drinking water radioactivity, except for a sample from Shanwei area. The gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in the rainy season were higher than in the dry water season, and the gross α radioactivity levels in the rainy season were significantly higher than in the dry water season. There were significant differences in gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in rainy(Frainy season=1.819, 2.709,P<0.05) and dry season (Fdry season=1.985,8.461,P<0.05)in different water systems, and the levels of gross α and gross β radioactivity in the rivers in western Guangdong were the highest. The gross α and gross β radioactivity levels of groundwater in rainy season were higher than in river water and lake water, and the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in river water were higher than in lake and reservoir water, with the statistically significant differences(Ftotal α=39.323, Ftotal β=25.911,P<0.05), the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in dry season were higher than in river water and lake water, with the statistically significant difference(Ftotal α=11.520, Ftotal β=28.435,P<0.05). The highest radioactivity levels is in groundwater, followed by river water, and the lowest is in lake and reservoir water. Conclusions The natural radioactivity background levels in drinking raw water in Guangdong province is lower than the limit value on drinking water stipulated by our country. The radioactivity levels in raw water in western Guangdong is significantly higher than in other water systems, and the radioactivity level in river water is also significantly higher than in lake and reservoir water. |
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