| 程晓军,田崇彬,楚彩芳,雷翠萍,孙全富,苏旭.某拟建核电站周围居民对核辐射认知的调查[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2015,35(11):844-850 |
| 某拟建核电站周围居民对核辐射认知的调查 |
| A survey on the public's radiation perception in the region surrounding a proposed nuclear power plant |
| 投稿时间：2015-01-26 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2015.11.011 |
| 中文关键词: 核电站 核能 辐射 认知 风险沟通 |
| 英文关键词:Nuclear power plant Nuclear power Radiation Perception Risk communication |
| 基金项目:卫生行业科研专项(201002009) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2717 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 调查拟建核电站周围居民对核辐射的认知状况和发展核能的态度,建立相关人群认知数据库,以便更好地做好与核电有关的公共卫生服务工作,并为决策机构提供相关技术支持和决策建议。方法 对某拟建核电站周围30 km范围内1 440名常住居民开展现场入户问卷调查。调查问卷共49道题,内容包括对核能和辐射的知晓程度、对核能发展的态度、对政府能力的评价以及所处的信息环境等。采用单因素方差分析法比较不同因素对调查对象认知水平的影响,多因素线性回归分析法分析影响公众认知水平的主要因素,χ2检验法比较组间差异。结果 该拟建核电站周围居民对核能和辐射的知晓率分别为29.7%和39.5%。对当地建设核电站的支持率为24.2%,低于对国家建设核电站29.0%的支持率(χ2=8.71,P<0.05);36.8%的人担心核电站的安全问题,78.5%的人担心核电站会损害身体健康,34.1%的人认为核电站在正常运行状态下仍会给周围居民带来有害影响。90.0%的人表示"很少"或"不能"了解到核电站相关的知识,71.1%的人有了解核电站相关信息的需求,48.4%的人最希望通过电视获得相关的信息,62.4%的人最信任大学或研究机构的专家关于核电站的说法。本调查与日本福岛核电站事故之前的田湾、秦山核电站类似调查相比,核电站的安全性评价均低于上述两次调查(χ2=20.49、56.96,P<0.05)。结论 公众核辐射认知水平直接影响他们对核电的态度,相关部门应通过多种渠道加强宣传,以增强公众对核能与辐射的了解;需要建立并完善有关部门与公众之间的交流平台,开展主动、持续的风险沟通,从而提高公众对核能的接受度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the public's perception and attitudes on the development of nuclear power, assess their knowledge about nuclear power and radiation, and to build a database on the public's perception for the purpose of providing better public health service, associate technical support and give suggestions for decision-makers.Methods In total of 1 440 local residents who live within 30 kilometers of a proposed nuclear power were chosen for in-person interviews. Questionnaires comprised of 49 questions designed to assess the public's knowledge of radiation and nuclear power, their attitudes to the development of nuclear power, their evaluation of local government and their informational environment. ANOVA was used to compare the influence of different factors on cognitive level. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the main factors affecting the level of public awareness. Comparison among groups(respondents in this survey vs. other comparable surveys) was conducted using χ2 test. Results Of the respondents, 29.7% and 39.5% of respondents knew about nuclear power and radiation, respectively, 24.2% supported the construction of a nuclear power plant in their own area, which was lower than the average national support for construction of nuclear power plants(29.0%)(χ2=8.71,P<0.05). When queried about safety cncerns 36.8% of respondents worried about the safety of nuclear power plant and 78.5% of respondents were afraid of the damage to their health, while 34.1% of respondents held the belief that the nuclear power plant could bring harmful effect even under normal operation. Regarding the informational environment, 90.0% of the respondents could not or barely got access to knowledge on nuclear power plants, 71.1% hoped to acquire the knowledge on nuclear power plants, 48.4% hoped to acquire this knowledge by television programs, and 62.4% mostly trusted information given by experts from universities or institutes. In comparison to other findings acquired in similar surveys on the Tianwan and Qinshan nuclear power plants before the Fukushima accident, the findings indicated that safety assessment of nuclear power plant were lower(χ2=20.49,56.96,P<0.05). Conclusions The public's knowledge level on nuclear power and radiation directly influenced their attitude on nuclear power. The related agencies should strengthen publicity and education in order to increase the public's knowledge on nuclear power and radiation. The communication platform between the related agencies and the public should be established. Active and continued risk communication should be carried out to increase public acceptance of nuclear power. |
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