| 王容海,肖德涛,李成林,等.核医学科含131I废水非接触式膜蒸馏净化处理排放方法[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2026,46(6):612-618.Wang Ronghai,Xiao Detao,Li Chenglin,et al.Non-contact membrane distillation treatment and discharge method for 131I-containing wastewater from nuclear medicine departments[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2026,46(6):612-618 |
| 核医学科含131I废水非接触式膜蒸馏净化处理排放方法 |
| Non-contact membrane distillation treatment and discharge method for 131I-containing wastewater from nuclear medicine departments |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-18 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20260118-00013 |
| 中文关键词: 放射性废水|131I|膜蒸馏|衰变池 |
| 英文关键词:Radioactive wastewater|131I|Membrane distillation|Decay tank |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 建立一种核医学科含131I废水达标排放的方法,以解决现有槽式排放方法衰变池体积过大、储存时间过长、建设成本过高等问题。方法 基于非接触式膜蒸馏废水处理装置的净化处理能力、医院核医学科含131I废水的日产生量和排放标准,构建按月总量排放和按10 Bq/L排放的方案,理论计算方案中工艺流程、衰变池体积,以及各环节水中含131I活度浓度等参数。结果 非接触式膜蒸馏废水处理装置对131I的截留率在99.99%以上,且对其他非挥发性杂质具有更好的净化效果;单日含131I废水处理量达1.5 t;能将活度浓度在106量级的含131I废水处理成100 Bq/L以下的净化液,等效缩短120 d的衰变贮存时间。根据实验结果及排放标准设计的排放方案,能使含131I废水活度浓度降低至10 Bq/L以下所需的暂存时间缩短至30 d,131I月排放活度总量不超过9×106 Bq。结论 本研究建立的含131I废水达标排放方法能有效克服现有槽式排放方法存在的不足,为我国核医学的快速发展提供可靠的技术支撑。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To establish compliant discharge schemes for 131I-containing wastewater from nuclear medicine departments, with a view of addressing the issues of excessively large decay tank volume, prolonged storage time, and high construction costs associated with existing tank-based discharge method. Methods Based on the purification capacity of a non-contact membrane distillation wastewater treatment device, the volume of 131I-containing wastewater generated daily in hospital nuclear medicine departments, and discharge standards, two discharge schemes were developed: the monthly total activity-based discharge and the 10 Bq/L limit-based discharge. Theoretical calculations were performed to determine such parameters as process flow, decay tank volume, and 131I activity concentration at each stage within the schemes. Results The capability of non-contact membrane distillation wastewater treatment device has been shown to enable 131I retention rate to exceed 99.99% and to have superior purification effects for other non-volatile impurities. The treatment capacity for 131I-containing wastewater reached 1.5 t per day. It is able to treat wastewater with an initial 131I activity concentration on of about 106 Bq/L to be below 100 Bq/L, therefor effectively reducing the required decay storage time by 120 d. The discharge schemes designed based on the experimental result and discharge standards enable the temporary storage time required to reduce the 131I activity concentration below 10 Bq/L to be shortened to 30 d, while ensuring the total monthly 131I discharge activity to be no more than 9×106 Bq. Conclusions The compliant discharge method for 131I-containing wastewater established in this study effectively overcomes the limitations of existing tank-based discharge method, providing reliable technical support for the rapid development of nuclear medicine in China. |
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