| 沈水珍,黄中柯,赵徵鑫,等.真空排水技术在医院放射性废水排放系统改造中的应用初探[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2024,44(12):1063-1068.Shen Shuizhen,Huang Zhongke,Zhao Zhixin,et al.Application of vacuum drainage technology in the renovation of radioactive wastewater treatment system in a hospital[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,2024,44(12):1063-1068 |
| 真空排水技术在医院放射性废水排放系统改造中的应用初探 |
| Application of vacuum drainage technology in the renovation of radioactive wastewater treatment system in a hospital |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-05 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn112271-20240805-00297 |
| 中文关键词: 真空排水技术 医院 放射性废水 衰变池 |
| 英文关键词:Vacuum drainage technology Hospital Radioactive waste water Decay pool |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1286 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 探究真空排水技术在医院放射性废水排放系统中应用的价值,为相关单位设计或改造放射性废水排放系统提供理论依据和参考。方法 通过对真空排水系统和重力排水系统各自构成的分析,定量评价不同系统的用水量等指标差异。选取某医院放射性废水排放系统作为研究示例,计算在不改变衰变池容量的情况下采用两种排水技术可暂存放射性废水的天数。结果 较之于传统的重力排水,真空排水技术可大量节省用水并显著减少污水的排放,其用水量为重力排水方式普通型便器的16%。在相同的诊疗工作量前提下,用真空排水技术改造该医院的放射性废水排放系统,可在不增加衰变池容量的情况下,延长放射性废水的暂存天数约3倍,从改造前的92.5 d提升到改造后的297 d。改造后每个衰变槽排放废水时其131I总活度和体积活度浓度可分别降到4 096 Bq和0.17 Bq/L,体积活度浓度远低于国家排放要求。结论 真空排水可以明显减少废水产量,值得在核医学科中推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To study the application value of vacuum drainage technology in radioactive wastewater discharge system of hospitals, and provide theoretical basis and reference for relevant institutes to design or renovate their radioactive wastewater discharge systems. Methods Based on the composition of vacuum drainage system and gravity drainage system, the differences in water consumption and other factors of different systems were theoretically evaluated. To take the radioactive wastewater discharge system in a hospital as a research example, the storable periods of the fixed decay pool were calculated by using the two different drainage techniques. Results Compared with the traditional gravity drainage technology, the vacuum drainage technology could save a lot of water and significantly reduce wastewater discharge. The water consumption was 16% of that of ordinary toilets with gravity drainage. By using the vacuum drainage technology to reform the radioactive wastewater discharge system of the hospital under the same amount of diagnosis and treatment workload, the storable period of radioactive wastewater could be extended by nearly three times,from 92.5 d before the renovation to 297 d after the renovation, without increasing the capacity of the decay pool. After the transformation, the total activity and volumetric activity concentration of 131I when discharging wastewater from each decay tank could be reduced to 4 096 Bq and 0.17 Bq/L, respectively, and the volumetric activity concentration was much lower than the national emission requirements. Conclusions Vacuum drainage can significantly reduce wastewater production, and is worth promoting and applying in nuclear medicine departments. |
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