| 傅颖华,孙全富,杜维霞,雷苏文,雷淑洁,李晓颖,张守志,钱叶侃,苏旭.非铀矿山氡致肺癌危险相关参数的调查[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2009,29(2):188-191 |
| 非铀矿山氡致肺癌危险相关参数的调查 |
| Survey on basic data of risk estimation of lung cancer among non-uranium miners in China |
| 投稿时间：2009-01-09 |
| DOI：10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-5098.2009.02.024 |
| 中文关键词: 非铀矿山 矿工 氡 肺癌 危险估计 |
| 英文关键词:Non-uranium mine Miners Radon Lung cancer Risk estimation |
| 基金项目:科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项(2005DIB1J087) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 3250 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 调查非铀矿山从业人员职业氡暴露致肺癌危险估计所需参数。方法 对选自9省区13类24座矿山的2836名矿工,采用当面填写调查表或询问方式,调查了职业氡暴露致肺癌危险估计所需要的基本参数,包括平均工龄、开始暴露年龄、吸烟情况等。采用描述性统计方法进行分析。结果 非铀矿山在职职工年龄为17~72岁,平均年龄为(36.9±8.0)岁。非铀矿工受教育程度低,3%为文盲,58%接受了小学或初中教育,受过大专及以上教育的人仅7%。非铀矿工中75%为农民工,少数民族矿工的比例为16%。临时工开始职业氡暴露的年龄为(29.6±8.0)岁。到调查时,在矿山工作的工龄为(6.7±6.8)年,工龄中位数为4.1年,工龄≥5 年工人占46.7%。3.4%的在职职工在18岁以前开始矿山工作。有17.5%的工人报告每日工作时间大于8 h。被调查者中,58.0%(43.0%~83.0%)男性矿工为当前吸烟者,平均从20岁开始吸烟,吸烟量中位数为16支。 当前吸烟率与年龄有关,15~19岁矿工的吸烟率最高,达69.2%。煤矿工当前吸烟率为49.0%,非煤矿山工人为62.5%,两者差异具有统计学意义(χ2=59.1,P<0.01)。不同省区男性矿工吸烟率明显不同(χ2=1200,P<0.01)。煤矿工报告使用机械通风情况明显优于非煤矿山矿工(χ2=80.7,P<0.01)。结论 非铀矿山一线工人中75%为农民工。矿工约在30岁开始井下职业高氡暴露,但有3%的矿工在18岁以前开始从业,接近一半矿山工人工龄为5年及以上,男性矿工当前吸烟率无异于一般男性人群。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To investigate the basic data of risk estimation of lung cancer among non-uranium miners in China. Methods 2836 workers from 24 mines in 9 provinces/regions were face-to-face interviewed to collect information including age at exposure, exposure duration, cigarette smoking among others. Results Age of the investigated non-uranium miners ranged from 17 to 72 (36.9±8.0) years. The miners received low and poor education, 3% of them were illiterate, 58% with primary and middle school education, only 7% with junior college and higher education. Seventy-five percent of the uranium miners are migrant rural workers. Ethnic minority miners accounted for 16% of all the investigated miners. Among the migrant rural workers age at initial exposure was estimated to be 29.6±8.0 years. By the time of the investigation, 46.7% of the miners had worked in the mine for five years and longer, working years in the mine was 6.7±6.8 years with a median of 4.1years. 3.4% of the non-uranium miners began the initial radon exposure in mines before their 18 years of old. 17.5% of the investigated miners reported working more than 8 h every working day. Among the males, 58.0% were current smokers with a median of 16 cigarettes per day. Age to begin the cigarette smoking was 20 years on average. Current smoking rate was age-dependent, the rate as high as 69.2% for the males aged 15-19 years. Current smoking rate was significantly statistically lower in coal mines than that in other mines, 49.0% vs 62.5%. Compared with other miners, more frequent mechanical ventilations were reported by coal miners.Conclusion In China non-uranium mines, 75% were migrant rural workers, by the time of the investigation about half of them had worked in the mines for at least five years. Non-uranium miners began their mining at 30 years on average, with a very small percentage of 3%, exposed to the mining radon before their 18 years. Current cigarette smoking rate in non-uranium male miners was the same as the general male population in China. |
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