| 魏履新.高天然放射性本底地区是研究小剂量电离辐射人群健康影响的重要场所[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,1997,17(6):369-375.Wei Luxin.High background radiation area:an important source of exploring the health effects of low dose ionizing radiation[J].Chin J Radiol Med Prot,1997,17(6):369-375 |
| 高天然放射性本底地区是研究小剂量电离辐射人群健康影响的重要场所 |
| High background radiation area:an important source of exploring the health effects of low dose ionizing radiation |
| 投稿时间：1997-07-09 修订日期：1997-07-26 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 放射流行病学 高天然放射性本底地区 |
| 英文关键词:Radiological epidemiology High background radiation area |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 在高天然放射性本底地区(HBRA)进行小剂量电离辐射对人群健康影响的研究需要分析这类研究的有利条件、薄弱环节和目前存在的问题,从而能获得有效的资料,并能有针对性地进行深入研究。方法 作者选择中国的高本底辐射研究组在广东省阳江[阳东县、阳西县]内的HBRA和相邻的对照地区(恩平县内)所获得的流行病学资料作为一项实例进行分析。高本底辐射研究组从1972年起采用动态人口和定群人口观察染色体畸变率、突变性疾病发生率和癌症死亡率以及相关的剂量学和混淆因素的研究。从1991年开始,研究组与日本体质研究会进行合作研究。结果 对环境的和宿主的诱突因素进行分类研究证明它们在高本底和对照地区是可比的；染色体畸变率在一定剂量以上时随剂量增加而增加；但HBRA遗传性疾病和先天性畸形总患病率不高于对照。HBRA的癌症死亡率与对照相比,相对危险(总的死亡率和按部位分的癌死亡率)小于1或接近1.作者引用了该研究组两种理论分析(修改的微剂量学理论和“有利与有害作用”竞争的假说).结论 在小剂量低剂量率长期作用下,照射剂量与群体的突变性疾病发生率或癌症死亡率不呈现“线性、无阈”的关系。在小剂量电离辐射作用下,人体出现有利的因素(如免疫能力增强)和不利的因素(如染色体畸变频率增加〕,结合与人体的防御、修复功能柑结合,有利困素很可能占主导地位,这类研究已经并继续取得有用的资料。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective For obtaining more effective data from epidemiological investigation in high background radiation areas,it is necessary to analyze the advantages, disadvatages, weak points and problems of this kind of radiation research. Methods For epidemiological investigation of population health effects of high background radiation, the author selected high background radiation areas of Yangjiang (HBRA) and a nearby control area (CA) as an instance for analysis. The investigation included classification of dose groups, comparison of the confounding factors in the incidence of mutation related diseases, cancer mortalities and the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations between HBRA and CA. This research program has become a China Japan cooperative research since 1991. Results The confounding factors above mentioned were comparable between HBRA and CA, and within the dose groups in HBRA, based on a systematic study for many years. The frequencies of chromosomal aberrations increased with the increase of cumulative dose, but not for children around or below 10 years of age. The relative risks (RR) of total and site specific cancer mortalities for HBRA were lower or around 1.00, compared with CA. The incidence of hereditary diseases and congenital deformities in HBRA were in normal range. The results were interpreted preliminarily by the modified “dual radiation action” theory and the “benefit detriment competition” hypothesis. Conclusions The author emphasizes the necessity for continuing epidemiological research in HBRA, especially for international cooperation. He also emphasizes the importance of combination of epidemiology and radiobiology. |
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